刚果(布)国家1号公路边坡防护设计

研究目的:结合刚果(布)国家1号公路的边坡设计与施工,阐述工程边坡防护形式及发达国家边坡生态防护的理念和一些基本做法,并对边坡开挖过程中出现的病害提出了处理措施,希望能为我国工程设计人员提供有益的借鉴。研究结论:边坡生态防护是工程建设的重要内容之一,防护工程应树立"尊重自然、恢复自然"的理念;边坡生态防护形式需根据气候、水文、地形、土质、材料来源等情况综合考虑,因地制宜,合理布局;边坡生态防护需与周围环境相协调,即保持生态环境的相对平衡,又能起到美化的作用。     

城市水环境治理问题及对策探讨

城市水环境关系着城市的可持续发展,健康的城市水环境是提升城市功能和竞争力、改善人居环境、建设环境友好型社会的必要条件。本文阐述了我国城市水环境存在的城市河道水质不乐观、污水治理不彻底、河道景观标准低、引水工程范围小、管理机制不健全、全民环保意识薄弱等问题,围绕城市水环境治理提出了水系优化、河道整治、污水收集处理、水文化建设、水生态保护等一系列治理对策,为我国城市水环境的治理与管理提供了参考借鉴。     

新疆既有铁路对野生动物影响及保护对策研究

基于种群数量、迁徙足迹等分析方法研究了新疆既有铁路防护网、动物甬道等保护措施的设计合理性问题。研究表明,混凝土防护墙对动物迁徙过程视觉导航系统有负面影响;防护网对动物迁徙过程中的方向掌控能力无影响;防护网设置里程超过4km时野生动物会出现躁动、徘徊等暂时性迷失迁徙方向的现象;野生动物对动物甬道的选择利用性较高。同时根据研究结果提出取消混凝土防护墙、动物迁徙并列车时速小于120km区域取消防护网、动物甬道设置不大于0．25个／km等野生动物保护措施设计原则及建议。     

高架复合道路对城市空间格局的影响——以硚口区为例

城市高架桥的建设极大的提高了道路交通承载能力,减缓城市拥堵程度,是城市发展的强力引擎,但也会给周边空间格局造成一定负面影响。采取居民访问、调查问卷等手段,分析城市复合高架道路周边空间的交通组织、生态景观、土地价值的影响,并寻求产生的原因。结合硚口区建设现状,在优化既有高架复合道路桥下空间,提高桥下空间品质的基础上,提出主干路不宜采用高架复合道路建设形式、加密微循环路网、优先发展公共交通等规划建议。     

长江生态航道的建设实践与探索

长江航运具有运量大和能耗小的低碳环保优势。在长江生态航道建设过程中,强化生态航道的设计、科研与实施,坚持“生态优先、绿色发展”的理念,坚持在保护中发展、在发展中保护,既显著提升航道通过能力,又充分释放水运的绿色属性,实现航道治理和生态修复的融合。下一步将在高质量发展、系统研究、成套技术凝练推广和生态环保技术提升等方面努力实践。     

雨源型河道多河多点生态补水案例研究

结合深圳市宝安区前海湾片区水环境综合整治项目案例,探讨雨源型河道的多河多点生态补水系统问题,在系统设计及难点上进行客观分析,立足现实,为类似的城市河道生态补水设计提供一定的经验思路。     

城市河道硬质驳岸的常见问题与修复

该文介绍了城市河道硬质驳岸在使用过程中经常出现的四种损坏情况。根据实际出现的问题分析了其形成原因,并提出了硬质驳岸修复方案。     

Integrated Environmental Modeling and Assessment of Coastal Ecosystems: Application for Aquaculture Management

This article presents an approach that couples coastal ecosystem modeling with integrated environmental assessment methodologies to support coastal management. The focus is to support the development of an ecosystem approach to aquaculture management including interactions with watershed substance loading. A Chinese bay, with intense aquaculture and multiple catchment uses, and where significant modeling efforts were undertaken is used as a case study. The ecosystem model developed for this bay is used to run scenarios that test the local management strategy for nutrient reduction. The corresponding ecological and economic impacts of the managers’ scenarios are analyzed by means of the Differential Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (ΔDPSIR) analysis. Emphasis is given to the analysis of the eutrophication process in the bay including present eutrophic condition and the expected changes due to the simulated scenarios. For this purpose, the Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) screening model is a valuable tool to interpret and classify the data and model outputs regarding eutrophication condition and to evaluate the manageable level of the nutrient loading entering in the bay.     

Nearshore Restoration in Puget Sound: Understanding Stakeholder Values and Potential Coalitions

Restoration of nearshore ecosystems presents many challenges for stakeholder involvement. Using surveys and interviews we examined stakeholder values, preferences, and potential coalitions surrounding nearshore restoration in the Whidbey sub-basin of Puget Sound. Most stakeholders in our study believe that Puget Sound nearshore problems are severe and urgent, and that it is worth investing in restoration. They do not agree on the causes of nearshore degradation, yet support stronger regulatory enforcement and increased public ownership as possible solutions to nearshore problems. Five potential stakeholder coalitions were identified based on shared values. These values reflect a varied spectrum of support for public sector solutions to nearshore problems and were labeled: No Government Intervention, Property Rights, Private Land Stewardship, Protect Undeveloped Areas, and Large Scale Restoration. The potential coalitions identified confirm the Advocacy Coalition Framework hypothesis that coalition members who share values do not necessarily share stakeholder demographics or preferences. This study demonstrates one method for understanding local stakeholders, and will help managers direct project resources, planning, and management, through reliance on both stakeholder and scientific input. In addition, managers can use information about stakeholder values and potential coalitions to more effectively frame communication products and stakeholder involvement activities.     

面向生态化发展的城市滨江岸线利用详细规划方法研究

城市滨江岸线是一个城市稀缺且不可再生的重要资源,为实现岸线资源的可持续利用和生态化发展,必须做好岸线资源的规划控制工作。在对滨江岸线的功能分类、岸线断面及范围研究的基础上,提出了城市滨江岸线利用详细控制方法,采取“线-点-面”相结合,以河道蓝线和水位线为基准线,将岸线功能段落起终点投影至基准线的交点作为基准点。以基准点围合而成的面域作为各类岸线对应的控制范围。对全域岸线以“总图+图则”的方式进行规划控制,在各分图则中确定图则区位、岸线功能、岸线信息、控制要求等详细内容。并以南京市域滨江岸线为例,应用该方法对全市滨江岸线利用的功能分布、规划控制等进行了研究,研究成果对城市滨江岸线利用与陆域城市功能的协调及相关部门后续的统筹管理具有积极意义。